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Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2015 im Fachbereich Politik - Internationale Politik - Thema: Globalisierung, pol. Ökonomie, Note: 1,5, FernUniversität Hagen (Institut für Politikwissenschaft), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Auch wenn andere Treibstoffe mittlerweile immer höher im Kurs liegen, ist Öl auch heute noch der wichtigste Energieträger für moderne Gesellschaften, v.a. in den Bereichen Wirtschaft, Militär und Marine. Wie Gilpin bereits 1968 herausstellte, war und ist die Kontrolle über Ölressourcen „ (...) essential once naval ships shifted from sail to diesel, so today an independent aerospace and electronics industry, along with the supporting sciences, is seen to be crucial for a nation to enjoy diplomatic and military freedom of action." (nach Gilpin 1968, S.125 f.) Der sichere Zugang zu Öl ist also von bedeutendem strategischem Belang für den ökonomischen wie politischen Wettbewerb. Umso mehr rückt Venezuela in den Fokus US-amerikanischer Interessen, da das Land für die USA eine vergleichsweise zuverlässige und bezahlbare Quelle von Öl darstellt. Zudem trat Venezuela lange als Partner mit politischer und wirtschaftlicher Stabilität in einer oft instabilen südamerikanischen Nachbarschaft in Erscheinung. Verbunden mit zeitweisen Demokratisierungsvorhaben auf Seiten Venezuelas und der Betonung einer gemeinsamen Wertebasis schien die Partnerschaft lange wie in Stein gemeißelt (nach Kelly u. Romero 2002, S.1 f.). Allerdings sollte das Jahr 1999 einen ersten Wendepunkt markieren: der neu gewählte venezolanische Präsident Hugo Chávez forcierte von diesem Zeitpunkt an eine neue außenpolitische Agenda, um der als bedrückend wahrgenommenen amerikanischen Dominanz in der Weltpolitik zu entfliehen und die Autonomie Venezuelas in den Vordergrund zu stellen (nach Kelly u. Romero 2002, S.4). Da die gegenseitige Abhängigkeit zu diesem Zeitpunkt aber immer noch groß war, wurden die latent anwachsenden Spannungen zunächst durch die Verfolgung der jeweiligen nationalen Interessen
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